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Linux挂载新磁盘并进行分区

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  由于业务需要，某台DB的磁盘使用满了。刚好使用的那台机子是虚拟机，就直接在ESXi上划了一块磁盘来用。之前没做过，跟着相关教程做一下。顺带将新挂载的盘作为禅道迁移的服务器。

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# 查看现有的磁盘分区
[root@KE_03 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3a29
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        2479     9216000   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            2479        2611     1063936    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            2479        2610     1048576   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@KE_03 ~]# cd /opt
[root@KE_03 opt]# ls
[root@KE_03 opt]# ll
总用量 0
# 查看分区文件
[root@KE_03 opt]# ll /dev/disk/by-
by-label/ by-path/  by-uuid/
[root@KE_03 opt]# ll /dev/disk/by-path/
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:07.1-scsi-1:0:0:0 -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part4 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part5 -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 1月  18 22:19 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0 -> ../../sdb
# 查看已有的磁盘分区
[root@KE_03 opt]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3       8.7G  1.2G  7.1G  15% /
tmpfs           491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       194M   27M  158M  15% /boot
/dev/sda2       9.9G  151M  9.2G   2% /export
# 
[root@KE_03 opt]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7f800bb1.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-5221, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-5221, default 5221):
Using default value 5221
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x7f800bb1
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        5221    41937651   83  Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# 
[root@KE_03 opt]# mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs   mkfs.ext2     mkfs.ext3     mkfs.ext4     mkfs.ext4dev
# 
[root@KE_03 opt]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10484412 blocks
524220 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
	4096000, 7962624
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@KE_03 opt]# mount /dev/sdb
sdb   sdb1
[root@KE_03 opt]# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt
# 将sdb1设置
[root@KE_03 opt]# echo "/dev/sdb1   /opt     ext4  default  0 0" >> /etc/fstab
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